edu.ucar.opensky::articles:22312 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-25T15:43:59.571951 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7z60t7z Satellite and in situ observations for advancing global Earth surface modelling: A review 2018-12-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7z60t7z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10122038 Balsamo, G. author Agustì-Parareda, A. author Albergel, C. author Arduini, G. author Beljaars, A. author Bidlot, J. author Bousserez, N. author Boussetta, S. author Brown, A. author Buizza, R. author Buontempo, C. author Chevallier, F. author Choulga, M. author Cloke, H. author Cronin, M. author Dahoui, M. author De Rosnay, P. author Dirmeyer, P. author Drusch, M. author Dutra, E. author Ek, Michael B. author Gentine, P. author Hewitt, H. author Keeley, S. author Kerr, Y. author Kumar, S. author Lupu, C. author Mahfouf, J. author McNorton, J. author Mecklenburg, S. author Mogensen, K. author Muñoz-Sabater, J. author Orth, R. author Rabier, F. author Reichle, R. author Ruston, B. author Pappenberger, F. author Sandu, I. author Seneviratne, S. author Tietsche, S. author Trigo, I. author Uijlenhoet, R. author WEDI, N. author Woolway, R. author Zeng, X. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher In this paper, we review the use of satellite-based remote sensing in combination with in situ data to inform Earth surface modelling. This involves verification and optimization methods that can handle both random and systematic errors and result in effective model improvement for both surface monitoring and prediction applications. The reasons for diverse remote sensing data and products include (i) their complementary areal and temporal coverage, (ii) their diverse and covariant information content, and (iii) their ability to complement in situ observations, which are often sparse and only locally representative. To improve our understanding of the complex behavior of the Earth system at the surface and sub-surface, we need large volumes of data from high-resolution modelling and remote sensing, since the Earth surface exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity and discontinuities in space and time. The spatial and temporal variability of the biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere and anthroposphere calls for an increased use of Earth observation (EO) data attaining volumes previously considered prohibitive. We review data availability and discuss recent examples where satellite remote sensing is used to infer observable surface quantities directly or indirectly, with particular emphasis on key parameters necessary for weather and climate prediction. Coordinated high-resolution remote-sensing and modelling/assimilation capabilities for the Earth surface are required to support an international application-focused effort. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2018 Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. None eng geoscientificInformation