edu.ucar.opensky::articles:12328 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-26T03:52:25.537602 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7xw4kkn First satellite identification of volcanic carbon monoxide 2012-11-09T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7xw4kkn https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053275 Martínez-Alonso, Sara-Eva author Deeter, Merritt N. author Worden, Helen M. author Clerbaux, C. author Mao, Debbie Y. author Gille, John author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Volcanic degassing produces abundant H₂O and CO₂, as well as SO₂, HCl, H₂S, S₂, H₂, HF, CO, and SiF4. Volcanic SO₂, HCl, and H2S have been detected from satellites in the past; the remaining species are analyzed in situ or using airborne instruments, with all the consequent limitations in safety and sampling, and at elevated costs. We report identification of high CO concentrations consistent with a volcanic origin (the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull and 2011 Grímsvötn eruptions in Iceland) in data from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere instrument (MOPITT) onboard EOS/Terra. The high CO values coincide spatially and temporally with ash plumes emanating from the eruptive centers, with elevated SO₂ and aerosol optical thickness, as well as with high CO values in data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), onboard MetOp-A. CO has a positive indirect radiative forcing; climate models currently do not account for volcanic CO emissions. Given global volcanic CO₂ emissions between 130 and 440 Tg/year and volcanic CO:CO₂ ratios from the literature, we estimate that average global volcanic CO emissions may be on the order of ~5.5 Tg/year, equivalent to the CO emissions caused by combined fossil fuel and biofuel combustion in Australia. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2012 American Geophysical Union. None eng geoscientificInformation