edu.ucar.opensky::articles:27012 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T18:55:50.669015 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7vm4hd6 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24581016 https Related Dataset #1 Data_PNAS2023 Contribution of anthropogenic aerosols to persistent La Niña-like conditions in the early 21st century 2024-01-30T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7vm4hd6 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2315124121 Hwang, Y. author Xie, S. author Chen, P. author Tseng, H. author Deser, Clara author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher The discrepancy between the observed lack of surface warming in the eastern equatorial Pacific and climate model projections of an El Nino- like warming pattern confronts the climate research community. While anthropogenic aerosols have been suggested as a cause, the prolonged cooling trend over the equatorial Pacific appears in conflict with Northern Hemisphere aerosol emission reduction since the 1980s. Here, using CESM, we show that the superposition of fast and slow responses to aerosol emission change-an increase followed by a decrease-can sustain the La Nina- like condition for a longer time than expected. The rapid adjustment of Hadley Cell to aerosol reduction triggers joint feedback between low clouds, wind, evaporation, and sea surface temperature in the Southeast Pacific, leading to a wedge- shaped cooling that extends to the central equatorial Pacific. Meanwhile, the northern subtropical cell gradually intensifies, resulting in equatorial subsurface cooling that lasts for decades. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation