edu.ucar.opensky::articles:23017 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-25T15:23:01.243227 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7sq93jb https://doi.org/10.5065/D6PN93VJ https Related Dataset #1 S-Pol Radar moments data in cfRadial format. Version 2.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/D6BG2M6R https Related Dataset #2 Radar regional 3D mosaic (realtime) in MDV format. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/D6125R2T https Related Dataset #3 OU MAP WRF ARW Deterministic and Ensemble 2-D Fields. Version 1.0 Nocturnal convection initiation during PECAN 2015 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7sq93jb https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0299.1 Weckwerth, Tammy author Hanesiak, J. author Wilson, James W. author Trier, Stanley B. author Degelia, S. K. author Gallus, W. A. author Roberts, Rita author Wang, X. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Nocturnal convection initiation (NCI) is more difficult to anticipate and forecast than daytime convection initiation (CI). A major component of the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field campaign in the U.S. Great Plains was to intensively sample NCI and its near environment. In this article, we summarize NCI types observed during PECAN: 1 June-16 July 2015. These NCI types, classified using PECAN radar composites, are associated with 1) frontal overrunning, 2) the low-level jet (LLJ), 3) a preexisting mesoscale convective system (MCS), 4) a bore or density current, and 5) a nocturnal atmosphere lacking a clearly observed forcing mechanism (pristine). An example and description of each of these different types of PECAN NCI events are presented. The University of Oklahoma real-time 4-km Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model ensemble forecast runs illustrate that the above categories having larger-scale organization (e.g., NCI associated with frontal overrunning and NCI near a preexisting MCS) were better forecasted than pristine. Based on current knowledge and data from PECAN, conceptual models summarizing key environmental features are presented and physical processes underlying the development of each of these different types of NCI events are discussed. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2019 American Meteorological Society. None eng geoscientificInformation