edu.ucar.opensky::articles:23040 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-25T15:18:11.582281 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7222xzx An assessment of the Indian Ocean mean state and seasonal cycle in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7222xzx https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2019.101503 Rahaman, H. author Srinivasu, U. author Panickal, S. author Durgadoo, J. author Griffies, S. author Ravichandran, M. author Bozec, A. author Cherchi, A. author Voldoire, A. author Sidorenko, D. .. author Chassignet, E. author Danabasoglu, Gokhan author Tsujino, H. author Getzlaff, K. author Ilicak, M. author Bentsen, M. author Long, Matthew author Fogli, P. author Farneti, R. author Danilov, S. author Marsland, S. author Valcke, S. author Yeager, Stephen author Wang, Q. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher We present an analysis of annual and seasonal mean characteristics of the Indian Ocean circulation and water masses from 16 global ocean-sea-ice model simulations that follow the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (CORE) interannual protocol (CORE-II). All simulations show a similar large-scale tropical current system, but with differences in the Equatorial Undercurrent. Most CORE-II models simulate the structure of the Cross Equatorial Cell (CEC) in the Indian Ocean. We uncover a previously unidentified secondary pathway of northward cross-equatorial transport along 75 degrees E, thus complementing the pathway near the Somali Coast. This secondary pathway is most prominent in the models which represent topography realistically, thus suggesting a need for realistic bathymetry in climate models. When probing the water mass structure in the upper ocean, we find that the salinity profiles are closer to observations in geopotential (level) models than in isopycnal models. More generally, we find that biases are model dependent, thus suggesting a grouping into model lineage, formulation of the surface boundary, vertical coordinate and surface salinity restoring. Refinement in model horizontal resolution (one degree versus 1/4 degree) does not significantly improve simulations, though there are some marginal improvements in the salinity and barrier layer results. The results in turn suggest that a focus on improving physical parameterizations (e.g. boundary layer processes) may offer more near-term advances in Indian Ocean simulations than refined grid resolution. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2019 Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. None eng geoscientificInformation