edu.ucar.opensky::articles:42388 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T18:07:45.826312 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7np28qd Simulating mixed‐phase opencellular clouds observed during COMBLE: Evaluation of parameterized turbulence closure 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7np28qd https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD040889 Juliano, Timothy W. author Lackner, C. P. author Geerts, B. author Kosović, Branko author Xue, Lulin author Wu, P. author Olson, J. B. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Marine cold&#8208;air outbreaks, or CAOs, are airmass transformations whereby relatively cold boundary layer (BL) air is transported over relatively warm water. To more deeply understand BL and mixed&#8208;phase cloud properties during CAO conditions, the Cold&#8208;Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) took place from late 2019 into early 2020. During COMBLE, the U.S. Department of Energy's first Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Mobile Facility (AMF1) was deployed to Andenes, Norway, far downstream (&#8764;1,000&#160;km) from the Arctic pack ice. This study examines the two most intense CAOs sampled at the AMF1 site. The observed BL structures are open cellular with high (&#8764;3&#8211;5&#160;km) and cold (&#8722;30 to &#8722;50 C) cloud tops, and they often have pockets of high liquid water paths (LWPs; up to &#8764;1,000&#160;g ) associated with strong updrafts and enhanced turbulence. We use a high&#8208;resolution mesoscale model to explore how well four turbulence closure methods represent open cellular clouds. After applying a radar simulator to model outputs for direct evaluation, cloud top properties agree well with AMF1 observations (within &#8764;10%), but radar reflectivity and LWP agreement is more variable. Results suggest that the turbulent Prandtl number may play an important role for the simulated BL and cloud properties. All simulations produce enhanced precipitation rates that are well&#8208;correlated with a cloud transition. Finally, the eddy&#8208;diffusivity/mass&#8208;flux approach produces the deepest cloud layer and therefore the largest and most coherent cellular structures. We recommend the use of a non&#8208;local turbulence closure approach to better capture turbulent processes in intense CAOs. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication <span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;" data-sheets-root="1">Copyright 2024 American Geophysical Union (AGU).</span> None eng geoscientificInformation