edu.ucar.opensky::articles:26581 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T19:24:30.476390 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d79s1w2w The CESM2 single-forcing large ensemble and comparison to CESM1: Implications for experimental design 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d79s1w2w https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0666.1 Simpson, Isla R. author Rosenbloom, Nan author Danabasoglu, Gokhan author Deser, Clara author Yeager, Stephen author McCluskey, Christina S. author Yamaguchi, R. author Lamarque, Jean-François author Tilmes, Simone author Mills, Michael J. author Rodgers, K. B. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Single-forcing large ensembles are a relatively new tool for quantifying the contributions of different an-thropogenic and natural forcings to the historical and future projected evolution of the climate system. This study introdu-ces a new single-forcing large ensemble with the Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2), which can be used to separate the influences of greenhouse gases, anthropogenic aerosols, biomass burning aerosols, and all remaining forc-ings on the evolution of the Earth system from 1850 to 2050. Here, the forced responses of global near-surface temperature and associated drivers are examined in CESM2 and compared with those in a single-forcing large ensemble with CESM2's predecessor, CESM1. The experimental design, the imposed forcing, and the model physics all differ between the CESM1 and CESM2 ensembles. In CESM1, an "all-but-one" approach was used whereby everything except the forcing of interest is time evolving, while in CESM2 an "only" approach is used, whereby only the forcing of interest is time evolving. This ex-perimental design choice is shown to matter considerably for anthropogenic aerosol-forced change in CESM2, due to state dependence of cryospheric albedo feedbacks and nonlinearity in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) response to forcing. This impact of experimental design is, however, strongly dependent on the model physics and/or the imposed forcing, as the same sensitivity to experimental design is not found in CESM1, which appears to be an inherently less nonlinear model in both its AMOC behavior and cryospheric feedbacks. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2023 American Meteorological Society (AMS). None eng geoscientificInformation