Identification

Title

Impacts of transported background pollutants on summertime western US air quality: Model evaluation, sensitivity analysis and data assimilation

Abstract

The impacts of transported background (TBG) pollutants on western US ozone (Oâ€©â‚ƒ) distributions in summer 2008 are studied using the multi-scale Sulfur Transport and dEposition Modeling system. Forward sensitivity simulations show that TBG contributes Ëœ30â€“35 ppb to the surface Monthly mean Daily maximum 8-h Average Oâ‚ƒ (MDA8) over Pacific Southwest (US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 9, including California, Nevada and Arizona) and Pacific Northwest (EPA Region 10, including Washington, Oregon and Idaho), and ~10â€“17 ppm-h to the secondary standard metric "W126 monthly index" over EPA Region 9 and Ëœ3-4 ppm-h over Region 10. The strongest TBG impacts on W126 occur over the grass/shrub-covered regions. Among TBG pollutants, Oâ‚ƒ is the major contributor to surface Oâ‚ƒ, while peroxyacetyl nitrate is the most important Oâ‚ƒ precursor species. W126 shows larger responses than MDA8 to perturbations in TBG and stronger non-linearity to the magnitude of perturbations. The TBG impacts on both metrics overall negatively correlate to model vertical resolution and positively correlate to the horizontal resolution. The mechanisms that determine TBG contributions and their variation are analyzed using trajectories and the receptor-based adjoint sensitivity analysis, which demonstrate the connection between the surface Oâ‚ƒ and Oâ‚ƒ aloft (at Ëœ1â€“4 km) 1â€“2 days earlier. The probabilities of airmasses originating from Mt. Bachelor (2.7 km) and 2.5 km above Trinidad Head (THD) entraining into the boundary layer reach daily maxima of 66% and 34% at Ëœ03:00 p.m. Pacific Daylight Time (PDT), respectively, and stay above 50% during 09:00 a.m.-04:00 p.m. PDT for those originating 1.5 km above California's South Coast. Assimilation of the surface in-situ measurements significantly reduced the errors in the modeled surface Oâ‚ƒ during a long-range transport episode by ~5 ppb on average (up to ~17 ppb) and increased the estimated TBG contributions by Ëœ3 ppb. Available Oâ‚ƒ vertical profiles from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and THD sonde identified this transport event, but assimilation of these observations in this case did not efficiently improve the Oâ‚ƒ distributions except near the sampling locations, due to their limited spatiotemporal resolution and/or possible uncertainties.

Resource type

document

Resource locator

Unique resource identifier

code

https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7vt1sx5

codeSpace

Dataset language

eng

Spatial reference system

code identifying the spatial reference system

Classification of spatial data and services

Topic category

geoscientificInformation

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keyword value

Text

originating controlled vocabulary

title

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reference date

date type

publication

effective date

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

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East bounding longitude

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South bounding latitude

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Temporal extent

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date type

publication

effective date

2013-01-14T00:00:00Z

Frequency of update

Quality and validity

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Conformity

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Use constraints

Limitations on public access

None

Responsible organisations

Responsible party

contact position

OpenSky Support

organisation name

UCAR/NCAR - Library

full postal address

PO Box 3000

Boulder

80307-3000

email address

opensky@ucar.edu

web address

http://opensky.ucar.edu/

name: homepage

responsible party role

pointOfContact

Metadata on metadata

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