edu.ucar.opensky::articles:26384 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T19:33:51.521757 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d77s7sr8 WiFEX: Walk into the warm fog over Indo-Gangetic Plain region 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d77s7sr8 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0197.1 Ghude, S. D. author Jenamani, R. K. author Kulkarni, R. author Wagh, S. author Dhangar, N. G. author Parde, A. N. author Acharja, P. author Lonkar, P. author Govardhan, G. author Yadav, P. author Vispute, A. author Debnath, S. author Lal, D. M. author Bisht, D. S. author Jena, C. author Pawar, P. V. author Dhankhar, S. S. author Sinha, V. author Chate, D. M. author Safai, P. D. author Nigam, N. author Konwar, M. author Hazra, A. author Dharmaraj, T. author Gopalkrishnan, V. author Padmakumari, B. author Gultepe, I. author Biswas, Mrinal author Karipot, A. K. author Prabhakaran, T. author Nanjundiah, R. S. author Rajeevan, M. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher The presence of persistent heavy fog in northern India during winter creates hazardous situations for transportation systems and disrupts the lives of about 400 million people. The meteorological factors responsible for its genesis and predictability are not yet completely understood in this region. Given its high potential for socioeconomic impact, there is a pressing need for extensive research that understands the inherently complex nature of the phenomena through field observations and modeling exercises. WiFEX is a first-of-its-kind multi-institutional initiative dealing with intensive ground-based measurement campaigns for developing a suitable fog forecasting capability under the aegis of the smart cities mission of India. Measuring campaigns were conducted during the 2015-20 winters at the Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi, covering more than 90 dense fog events. The field experiments involved extensive suites of in situ instruments and gathered simultaneous observations of micrometeorological conditions, radiative fluxes, turbulence, droplet/aerosol microphysics, aerosol optical properties, fog water chemistry, and vertical thermodynamical structure to describe the environmental stability in which fog develops. An operational modeling framework, the WRF Model, was set up to provide fog predictions during the measurement campaign. These field observations helped to interpret the strengths and deficiencies in the numerical modeling framework. Four scientific objectives were pursued: (i) the life cycle of optically thin and thick fog, (ii) microphysical properties in the polluted boundary layer, (iii) fog water chemistry, gas-aerosol partitioning during the fog life cycle, and (iv) numerical prediction of fog. This paper presents an overview of WiFEX and a synthesis of selected observational and modeling analyses/findings related to the abovementioned scientific topics. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2023 American Meteorological Society (AMS). None eng geoscientificInformation