edu.ucar.opensky::articles:18225 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-26T03:34:29.409005 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7dr2x28 Extra area effects of cloud seeding--An updated assessment 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7dr2x28 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.08.014 DeFelice, T. author Golden, J. author Griffith, D. author Woodley, W. author Rosenfeld, D. author Breed, Daniel W. author Solak, M. author Boe, B. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher This paper examines the commonly-held hypothesis that cloud seeding reduces precipitation in regions adjacent to seeding target areas, sometimes referred to as "downwind" but more correctly referred to as "extra area" effects ("the robbing Peter to pay Paul" hypothesis). The overall concept in the potential creation of extra area effects from seeding is illustrated with respect to the hydrologic cycle, which includes both dynamical and microphysical processes. For the first time, results were synthesized from five operational and research weather modification experiments, including winter orographic snowpack enhancement and summer experiments to enhance rainfall. One of the most surprising aspects of these results is that extra area seeding effects on precipitation appear to be uniformly positive (5-15% increases, perhaps greater for some convective systems) for both winter and summer seeding projects examined in this paper. The spatial extent of the positive extra area seeding effects may extend to a couple hundred kilometers for winter orographic seeding projects and summer convective seeding projects (such as North Dakota, Texas, Thailand). Both microphysical and dynamical effects of seeding appear to be contributors to these extra area effects. Future work needs to incorporate larger data sets from some of the larger more sustained projects with advanced cloud models and tracer experiments. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2014 Elsevier. NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Atmospheric Research. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Atmospheric Research, [135-136 (January 2014)] DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.08.014. None eng geoscientificInformation