edu.ucar.opensky::articles:25343 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T22:46:37.634031 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d79g5rhg https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4705478.v3 https Related Dataset #1 A global database of Holocene paleo-temperature records Northern Hemisphere vegetation change drives a Holocene thermal maximum 2022-04-15T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d79g5rhg https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj6535 Thompson, A. J. author Zhu, Jiang author Poulsen, C. J. author Tierney, J. E. author Skinner, C. B. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher The Holocene thermal maximum, a period of global warmth evident in early to mid-Holocene proxy reconstructions, is controversial. Most model simulations of the Holocene have not reproduced this warming, leading to a disagreement known as the Holocene Temperature Conundrum. Pollen records document the expansion of vegetation in the early and mid-Holocene African Sahara and Northern Hemisphere mid- and high latitudes, which has been overlooked in previous modeling studies. Here, we use time slice simulations of the Community Earth System Model to assess the impact of Northern Hemisphere vegetation change on Holocene annual mean temperatures. Our simulations indicate that expansion of Northern Hemisphere vegetation 9000 and 6000 years ago warms Earth's surface by similar to 0.8 degrees and 0.7 degrees C, respectively, producing a better match with proxy-based reconstructions. Our results suggest that vegetation change is critical for modeling Holocene temperature evolution and highlight its role in driving a mid-Holocene temperature maximum. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation