edu.ucar.opensky::articles:25631 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T20:06:41.799392 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d70g3pxg https://doi.org/10.5067/AMSR-E/AE_SI25.003 https Related Dataset #1 AMSR-E/Aqua Daily L3 25 km Brightness Temperature & Sea Ice Concentration Polar Grids, Version 3 https://doi.org/10.5067/KINANQKEZI4T https Related Dataset #2 Arctic Sea Ice Seasonal Change and melt/freeze Climate Indicators from Satellite Data, Version 1 https://doi.org/10.5067/QU2UYQ6T0B3P https Related Dataset #3 DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Brightness Temperatures https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6559861 https Related Dataset #4 Earliest snowmelt estimation dates for Arctic sea ice (2003) https://doi.org/10.5065/D6RX99HX https Related Service #1 Cheyenne: SGI ICE XA Cluster Improving model-satellite comparisons of sea ice melt onset with a satellite simulator 2022-08-12T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d70g3pxg https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3235-2022 Smith, Abigail author Jahn, A. author Burgard, C. author Notz, D. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Seasonal transitions in Arctic sea ice, such as the melt onset, have been found to be useful metrics for evaluating sea ice in climate models against observations. However, comparisons of melt onset dates between climate models and satellite observations are indirect. Satellite data products of melt onset rely on observed brightness temperatures, while climate models do not currently simulate brightness temperatures, and must therefore define melt onset with other modeled variables. Here we adapt a passive microwave sea ice satellite simulator, the Arctic Ocean Observation Operator (ARC3O), to produce simulated brightness temperatures that can be used to diagnose the timing of the earliest snowmelt in climate models, as we show here using Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) ocean-ice hindcasts. By producing simulated brightness temperatures and earliest snowmelt estimation dates using CESM2 and ARC3O, we facilitate new and previously impossible comparisons between the model and satellite observations by removing the uncertainty that arises due to definition differences. Direct comparisons between the model and satellite data allow us to identify an early bias across large areas of the Arctic at the beginning of the CESM2 ocean-ice hindcast melt season, as well as improve our understanding of the physical processes underlying seasonal changes in brightness temperatures. In particular, the ARC3O allows us to show that satellite algorithm-based melt onset dates likely occur after significant snowmelt has already taken place. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation