edu.ucar.opensky::articles:19457 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-26T02:36:53.596946 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d72f7q7q https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.215972 https Related Software #1 New-Zealand-Co2-Inversion: First Release Of The New Zealand Co2 Inversion System Atmospheric CO2 observations and models suggest strong carbon uptake by forests in New Zealand 2017-01-02T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d72f7q7q https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-47-2017 Steinkamp, K. author Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E. author Brailsford, G. author Smale, D. author Moore, S. author Keller, E. D. author Baisden, W. T. author Mukai, H. author Stephens, Britton author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher A regional atmospheric inversion method has been developed to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of CO2 sinks and sources across New Zealand for 2011-2013. This approach infers net air-sea and air-land CO2 fluxes from measurement records, using back-trajectory simulations from the Numerical Atmospheric dispersion Modelling Environment (NAME) Lagrangian dispersion model, driven by meteorology from the New Zealand Limited Area Model (NZLAM) weather prediction model. The inversion uses in situ measurements from two fixed sites, Baring Head on the southern tip of New Zealand's North Island (41.408 degrees S, 174.871 degrees E) and Lauder from the central South Island (45.038 degrees S, 169.684 degrees E), and ship board data from monthly cruises between Japan, New Zealand, and Australia. A range of scenarios is used to assess the sensitivity of the inversion method to underlying assumptions and to ensure robustness of the results. The results indicate a strong seasonal cycle in terrestrial land fluxes from the South Island of New Zealand, especially in western regions covered by indigenous forest, suggesting higher photosynthetic and respiratory activity than is evident in the current a priori land process model. On the annual scale, the terrestrial biosphere in New Zealand is estimated to be a net CO2 sink, removing 98 (+/- 37) TgCO(2) yr(-1) from the atmosphere on average during 2011-2013. This sink is much larger than the reported 27 TgCO(2) yr(-1) from the national inventory for the same time period. The difference can be partially reconciled when factors related to forest and agricultural management and exports, fossil fuel emission estimates, hydrologic fluxes, and soil carbon change are considered, but some differences are likely to remain. Baseline uncertainty, model transport uncertainty, and limited sensitivity to the northern half of the North Island are the main contributors to flux uncertainty. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. None eng geoscientificInformation