edu.ucar.opensky::articles:43083 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T17:54:44.147672 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d780571v https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KZCM54 https Related Dataset #1 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2019 Products (ver. 3.0, February 2024) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14550085 https Related Dataset #2 Non-stationary NG-IDF Dataset for Yakima River Basin (WA) and Walker River Basin (CA-NV) How flood hazards in a warming climate could be amplified by changes in spatiotemporal patterns and mechanisms of water available for runoff 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d780571v https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005619 Yan, H. author Duan, Z. author Wigmosta, M. S. author Sun, N. author Leung, L. R. author Thurber, T. B. author Gutmann, Ethan D. author Arnold, J. R. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Prior research on climate change impacts on flooding has primarily focused on changes in extreme rainfall magnitudes, often neglecting snow processes and spatiotemporal storm patterns, such as hyetograph shapes and areal reduction factors (ARFs). This study examines projected changes in extreme water available for runoff ( W ) events in two snow&#8208;dominated basins in the western United States: the Yakima River Basin (YRB) in Washington State and the Walker River Basin (WRB) spanning the California&#8208;Nevada border. We analyze changes in W magnitudes, mechanisms, hyetograph shapes, and ARFs, and study their compounded impacts on flood hazard. Our findings suggest increased extreme W magnitudes across a large portion of the basins, with steeper or flatter hyetographs, and higher ARF values under the future climate. These changes are driven by a shift from seasonal snowmelt to more rain&#8208;on&#8208;snow events at higher elevations and by increased rainfall at lower elevations. We then use a single event&#8208;based rainfall&#8208;runoff model to estimate flood hazard changes based on extreme W magnitudes, hyetograph shapes, ARFs, and their compounded impacts. Our analysis reveals that focusing solely on the magnitude of changes in extreme W can significantly underestimate future flood hazards and uncertainties. Ignoring future changes in spatiotemporal patterns can underestimate future flood hazards by 63% and underestimate the uncertainty in future flood events by 18% in the WRB. These results underscore the necessity of incorporating spatiotemporal dynamics into future flood hazard assessments to provide a more accurate evaluation of potential impacts. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication <span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;" data-sheets-root="1">Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</span> None eng geoscientificInformation