edu.ucar.opensky::articles:26624 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T19:25:26.669696 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d74t6pdk https://doi.org/10.5067/P4HZB9N27EKU https Related Dataset #1 NCEP/CPC L3 Half Hourly 4km Global (60S - 60N) Merged IR V1 On the detection of icing conditions at altitude in conjunction with mesoscale convective complexes using balloon sondes 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d74t6pdk https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-23-0062.1 Liu, C. author Jörgensdóttir, L. author Walter, P. author Morris, G. A. author Flynn, J. H. author Kucera, Paul A. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Balloon-borne radiosondes are launched twice daily at coordinated times worldwide to assist with weather forecasting. Data collection from each flight is usually terminated when the balloon bursts at an altitude above 20 km. This paper highlights cases where the balloon's turnaround occurs at lower altitudes and is associated with ice formation on the balloon, a weather condition of interest to aviation safety. Four examples of such cases are shown, where the balloon oscillates between 3-and 6-km altitude before rising to high altitudes and bursting. This oscillation is due to the accumulation and melting of ice on the balloon, causing the pattern to repeat multiple times. An analysis of National Weather Service radiosonde data over a 5-yr period and a global dataset from the National Centers for Environmental Information from 1980 to 2020 identified that 0.18% of soundings worldwide satisfied these criteria. This indicates that weather conditions important to aviation safety are not rare in the worldwide database. We recommend that soundings that show descent at altitudes lower than typically expected continue to be tracked, particularly given that these up-down-oscillating soundings can pro -vide valuable information for weather forecasting on days with significant precipitation and icing conditions that might lead to aviation safety concerns. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2023 American Meteorological Society (AMS). None eng geoscientificInformation