edu.ucar.opensky::articles:26997 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T18:54:13.758459 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7r49vx6 https://doi.org/10.5067/GLM/CIERRA/DATA101 https Related Dataset #1 Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) Cluster Integrity, Exception Resolution, and Reclustering Algorithm (CIERRA) https://doi.org/10.5067/RELAMPAGO/LMA/DATA101 https Related Dataset #2 Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO) Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) https://doi.org/10.5439/1595321 https Related Dataset #3 Balloon-borne sounding system (BBSS), WNPN output data https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6909479 https Related Software #1 nsf-lrose/lrose-topaz: lrose-topaz-20220222 Lightning characteristics associated with storm modes observed during RELAMPAGO 2024-02-28T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7r49vx6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039520 Rocque, M. N. author Deierling, Wiebke author Rasmussen, K. L. author Albrecht, R. I. author Medina, B. L. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Global satellite studies show a maximum in deep convection and lightning downstream of the Andes in subtropical South America. The Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO) field campaign was designed to investigate the physical processes that contribute to the rapid development of deep convection and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in Argentina. A lightning mapping array (LMA) was deployed to Argentina as part of RELAMPAGO to collect lightning observations from extreme storms in the region. This study combines lightning data from the LMA and the Geostationary Lightning Mapper onboard GOES-16 with 1-km gridded radar data to examine the electrical characteristics of a variety of convective storms throughout their life cycle observed during RELAMPAGO. Results from the full campaign show 48% of flashes are associated with deep convection that occurs along the eastern edge of the Sierras de Cordoba (SDC) overnight. These flashes are 65 km2 smaller on average compared to stratiform flashes, which occur most frequently 50-100 km east of the SDC in the early morning hours, consistent with the upscale growth of MCSs off the terrain. Analysis of the 13-14 December MCS shows that sharp increases in flash rates correspond to deep and wide convective cores that have high graupel and hail mass, 35-dBZ volume, and ice water path. This work validates previous satellite studies of lightning in the region, but also provides higher spatial and temporal resolution information across the convective life cycle that has not been available in previous studies. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation