edu.ucar.opensky::articles:21500 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-25T16:03:04.870653 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d76q20zj https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2017 https Related Dataset #1 Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2017 https://doi.org/10.15138/G3G01J https Related Dataset #2 Multi-laboratory compilation of atmospheric carbon dioxide data for the years 2016-2017; obspack_co2_1_NRT_v3.3_2017-04-19 https://doi.org/10.15138/G3059Z https Related Dataset #3 Multi-laboratory compilation of atmospheric carbon dioxide data for the period 1957-2015; obspack_co2_1_GLOBALVIEWplus_v2.1_2016-09-02 Global carbon budget 2017 2018-03-12T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d76q20zj https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018 Le Quéré, C. author Andrew, R. M. author Friedlingstein, P. author Sitch, S. author Pongratz, J. author Manning, A. C. author Korsbakken, J. I. author Peters, G. P. author Canadell, J. G. author Jackson, R. B. author Boden, T. A. author Tans, P. P. author Andrews, O. D. author Arora, V. K. author Bakker, D. C. E. author Barbero, L. author Becker, M. author Betts, R. A. author Bopp, L. author Chevallier, F. author Chini, L. P. author Ciais, P. author Cosca, C. E. author Cross, J. author Currie, K. author Gasser, T. author Harris, I. author Hauck, J. author Haverd, V. author Houghton, R. A. author Hunt, C. W. author Hurtt, G. author Ilyina, T. author Jain, A. K. author Kato, E. author Kautz, M. author Keeling, R. F. author Klein Goldewijk, K. author Körtzinger, A. author Landschützer, P. author Lefèvre, N. author Lenton, A. author Lienert, S. author Lima, I. author Lombardozzi, Danica author Metzl, N. author Millero, F. author Monteiro, P. M. S. author Munro, D. R. author Nabel, J. E. M. S. author Nakaoka, S. author Nojiri, Y. author Padin, X. A. author Peregon, A. author Pfeil, B. author Pierrot, D. author Poulter, B. author Rehder, G. author Reimer, J. author Rödenbeck, C. author Schwinger, J. author Séférian, R. author Skjelvan, I. author Stocker, B. D. author Tian, H. author Tilbrook, B. author Tubiello, F. N. author van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T. author van der Werf, G. R. author van Heuven, S. author Viovy, N. author Vuichard, N. author Walker, A. P. author Watson, A. J. author Wiltshire, A. J. author Zaehle, S. author Zhu, D. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere - the "global carbon budget" - is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (E-FF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (E-LUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-cover change data and bookkeeping models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (B-IM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma. For the last decade available (2007-2016), E-FF was 9.4 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), E-LUC 1.3 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1), G(ATM) 4.7 +/- 0.1 GtC yr(-1), S-OCEAN 2.4 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), and S-LAND 3.0 +/- 0.8 GtC yr(-1), with a budget imbalance B-IM of 0.6 GtC yr(-1) indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For year 2016 alone, the growth in E-FF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1). Also for 2016, E-LUC was 1.3 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1), G(ATM) was 6.1 +/- 0.2 GtC yr(-1), S-OCEAN was 2.6 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), and S-LAND was 2.7 +/- 1.0 GtC yr(-1), with a small B-IM of 0.3 GtC. G(ATM) continued to be higher in 2016 compared to the past decade (2007-2016), reflecting in part the high fossil emissions and the small S-LAND consistent with El Nino conditions. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 402.8 +/- 0.1 ppm averaged over 2016. For 2017, preliminary data for the first 6-9 months indicate a renewed growth in E-FF of +2.0% (range of 0.8 to 3.0 %) based on national emissions projections for China, USA, and India, and projections of gross domestic product (GDP) corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quere et al., 2016, 2015b, a, 2014, 2013). All results presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2017 (GCP, 2017). UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2018 Author(s). This work is licnsed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation