edu.ucar.opensky::articles:25694 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T22:45:16.058617 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7cf9tw1 The COMBLE campaign: A study of marine boundary layer clouds in Arctic cold-air outbreaks 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7cf9tw1 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0044.1 Geerts, B. author Giangrande, S. E. author McFarquhar, G. M. author Xue, Lulin author Abel, S. J. author Comstock, J. M. author Crewell, S. author DeMott, P. J. author Ebell, K. author Field, P. author Hill, T. C. J. author Hunzinger, A. author Jensen, M. P. author Johnson, K. L. author Juliano, Timothy W. author Kollias, P. author Kosović, Branko author Lackner, C. author Luke, E. author Lüpkes, C. author Matthews, A. A. author Neggers, R. author Ovchinnikov, M. author Powers, H. author Shupe, M. D. author Spengler, T. author Swanson, B. E. author Tjernström, M. author Theisen, A. K. author Wales, N. A. author Wang, Y. author Wendisch, M. author Wu, P. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher One of the most intense air mass transformations on Earth happens when cold air flows from frozen surfaces to much warmer open water in cold-air outbreaks (CAOs), a process captured beautifully in satellite imagery. Despite the ubiquity of the CAO cloud regime over high-latitude oceans, we have a rather poor understanding of its properties, its role in energy and water cycles, and its treatment in weather and climate models. The Cold-Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) was conducted to better understand this regime and its representation in models. COMBLE aimed to examine the relations between surface fluxes, boundary layer structure, aerosol, cloud, and precipitation properties, and mesoscale circulations in marine CAOs. Processes affecting these properties largely fall in a range of scales where boundary layer processes, convection, and precipitation are tightly coupled, which makes accurate representation of the CAO cloud regime in numerical weather prediction and global climate models most challenging. COMBLE deployed an Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Mobile Facility at a coastal site in northern Scandinavia (69°N), with additional instruments on Bear Island (75°N), from December 2019 to May 2020. CAO conditions were experienced 19% (21%) of the time at the main site (on Bear Island). A comprehensive suite of continuous in situ and remote sensing observations of atmospheric conditions, clouds, precipitation, and aerosol were collected. Because of the clouds' well-defined origin, their shallow depth, and the broad range of observed temperature and aerosol concentrations, the COMBLE dataset provides a powerful modeling testbed for improving the representation of mixed-phase cloud processes in large-eddy simulations and large-scale models. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2022 American Meteorological Society (AMS). None eng geoscientificInformation