edu.ucar.opensky::articles:42319 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T18:00:27.665205 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7hm5drq Global distribution of ionospheric topside diffusive flux and midlatitude electron density enhancement in winter nighttime 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7hm5drq https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111091 Li, Q. author Hao, Y. author Wang, Wenbin author Zhang, S. author Qian, Liying author Aa, E. author Zhang, D. author Xiao, Z. author He, M. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Ionospheric topside diffusive flux is derived using Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation data, to investigate its global distribution and also its role in winter nighttime enhancement (WNE) of electron density. The flux of the winter hemisphere maintains downward throughout the night. It is much larger between and geomagnetic latitudes and keeps increasing until 22:00&#8211;00:00 LT. It peaks at W and E&#8211;E geographic longitudes during the December solstice, and at E during the June solstice. These features are similar to those of WNE in NmF2. Furthermore, the derived flux is applied as the upper boundary condition to run the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). The simulated spatial&#8208;temporal variations of WNE are consistent with the observations. The results indicate that downward plasma diffusion from the plasmasphere is the major mechanism of WNE, and the simulation quantifies its contribution. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication <style type="text/css"></style><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;" data-sheets-root="1">Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</span> None eng geoscientificInformation