edu.ucar.opensky::articles:25041 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T23:05:09.838078 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7vd730x https://doi.org/10.5065/D69K487J https Related Dataset #1 NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) 6-hourly Products, January 1979 to December 2010 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934896 https Related Dataset #2 A 30-year high resolution simulation of the future climate over the Interior Western United States Potential for ground-based glaciogenic cloud seeding over mountains in the interior Western United States and anticipated changes in a warmer climate 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7vd730x https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-20-0288.1 Mazzetti, T. O. author Geerts, B. author Xue, Lulin author Tessendorf, Sarah A. author Weeks, Courtney author Wang, Y. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Glaciogenic cloud seeding has long been practiced as a way to increase water availability in arid regions, such as the interior western United States. Many seeding programs in this region target cold-season orographic clouds with ground-based silver iodide generators. Here, the "seedability" (defined as the fraction of time that conditions are suitable for ground-based seeding) is evaluated in this region from 10 years of hourly output from a regional climate model with a horizontal resolution of 4 km. Seedability criteria are based on temperature, presence of supercooled liquid water, and Froude number, which is computed here as a continuous field relative to the local terrain. The model's supercooled liquid water compares reasonably well to microwave radiometer observations. Seedability peaks at 20%-30% for many mountain ranges in the cold season, with the best locations just upwind of crests, over the highest terrain in Colorado and Wyoming, as well as over ranges in the northwest interior. Mountains farther south are less frequently seedable, because of warmer conditions, but when they are, cloud supercooled liquid water content tends to be relatively high. This analysis is extended into a future climate, anticipated for later this century, with a mean temperature 2.0 K warmer than the historical climate. Seedability generally will be lower in this future warmer climate, especially in the most seedable areas, but, when seedable, clouds tend to contain slightly more supercooled liquid water. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2021 American Meteorological Society (AMS). None eng geoscientificInformation