edu.ucar.opensky::articles:27353 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T18:46:51.764043 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7mc947q https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11144731 https Related Dataset #1 Earth's atmosphere and geomagnetic field protect the biosphere from nearby supernovae: dataset Earth's atmosphere protects the biosphere from nearby supernovae 2024-06-14T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7mc947q https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01490-9 Christoudias, T. author Kirkby, J. author Stolzenburg, D. author Pozzer, A. author Sommer, E. author Brasseur, Guy author Kulmala, M. author Lelieveld, J. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Geological evidence indicates that a supernova within 100 parsecs of Earth occurs around once per million years. Such nearby supernovas can produce an intense gamma-ray burst and a 100-fold increase of cosmic rays, lasting several centuries. We find that the effect of a short burst of gamma rays is small since they are strongly attenuated before reaching the lower stratosphere. Intense cosmic radiation affects stratospheric ozone but, due to compensating effects in catalytic chemical cycles, ozone depletion is moderate and comparable to that from current anthropogenic emissions. This also holds for the low-oxygen atmosphere during early evolution of terrestrial life. We estimate the increase in aerosol and clouds from a 100-fold increase of cosmic rays exerts a radiative forcing comparable in magnitude but opposite in sign to current anthropogenic climate forcing. We conclude that Earth's atmosphere is effective at shielding the biosphere from nearby supernovae. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation