edu.ucar.opensky::articles:12025 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-26T04:03:22.432250 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7c53mj1 The imprint of surface fluxes and transport on variations in total column carbon dioxide 2012-03-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7c53mj1 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-875-2012 Keppel-Aleks, G. author Wennberg, P. author Washenfelder, R. author Wunch, D. author Schneider, T. author Toon, G. author Andres, R. author Blavier, J. author Connor, B. author Davis, K. author Desai, A. author Messerschmidt, J. author Notholt, J. author Roehl, C. author Sherlock, V. author Stephens, Britton author Vay, S. author Wofsy, S. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher New observations of the vertically integrated CO₂ mixing ratio, (CO₂), from ground-based remote sensing show that variations in (CO₂) are primarily determined by large-scale flux patterns. They therefore provide fundamentally different information than observations made within the boundary layer, which reflect the combined influence of large-scale and local fluxes. Observations of both (CO₂) and CO₂ concentrations in the free troposphere show that large-scale spatial gradients induce synoptic-scale temporal variations in (CO₂) in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes through horizontal advection. Rather than obscure the signature of surface fluxes on atmospheric CO₂, these synoptic-scale variations provide useful information that can be used to reveal the meridional flux distribution. We estimate the meridional gradient in (CO₂) from covariations in (CO₂) and potential temperature, θ, a dynamical tracer, on synoptic timescales to evaluate surface flux estimates commonly used in carbon cycle models. We find that simulations using Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) biospheric fluxes underestimate both the (CO₂) seasonal cycle amplitude throughout the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes and the meridional gradient during the growing season. Simulations using CASA net ecosystem exchange (NEE) with increased and phase-shifted boreal fluxes better fit the observations. Our simulations suggest that climatological mean CASA fluxes underestimate boreal growing season NEE (between 45-65° N) by ~40%. We describe the implications for this large seasonal exchange on inference of the net Northern Hemisphere terrestrial carbon sink. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. None eng geoscientificInformation