edu.ucar.opensky::articles:26164 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T19:37:10.922410 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d74j0k2t https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7705251 https Related JournalArticle #1 Investigation of the Southern Hemisphere Mid-High Latitude Thermospheric ∑O/N2 responses to the Space-X storm Investigation of the southern hemisphere mid-high latitude thermospheric ∑o/n2 responses to the Space-X storm 2023-03-10T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d74j0k2t https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA031002 Cai, X. author Wang, Wenbin author Lin, Dong author Eastes, R. W. author Qian, Liying author Zhu, Qingyu author Correira, J. author McClintock, W. E. author Gan, Q. author Aryal, S. author Laskar, F. I. author Karan, D. K. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher The geomagnetic storm on February 3, 2022 caused the loss of 38 Starlink satellites of Space-X. The Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) observations and Multi-Scale Atmosphere Geospace Environment (MAGE) model simulations are utilized to investigate the thermospheric composition responses to the Space-X storm. The percentage difference of the GOLD observed thermospheric O and N-2 column density ratio (n-ary sumation sigma O/N-2) between the storm time (February 3, Day-of-Year [DOY] 34) and quiet time (DOY 32) shows a depletion region in the local noon sector mid-high latitudes in the southern hemisphere, which corresponds to the east side of GOLD field-of-view (FOV). This is different from the classic theory of thermospheric composition disturbance during geomagnetic storms, under which the n-ary sumation sigma O/N-2 depletion is usually generated at local midnight and high latitudes, and thus, appear on the west side of GOLD FOV. MAGE simulations reproduce the observations qualitatively and indicate that the n-ary sumation sigma O/N-2 depletion is formed due to strong upwelling in the local morning caused by strong Joule heating. Interestingly, enhanced equatorward winds appear near local midnight, but also in the local morning sector, which transports n-ary sumation sigma O/N-2 depletion equatorward. The depletion corotates toward the local afternoon and is observed in the GOLD FOV. The equatorward winds in the local morning are due to the ion-neutral coupling under the conditions of a dominant positive interplanetary magnetic field east-west component (B-y) during the storm. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation