edu.ucar.opensky::articles:26574 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T19:27:11.904948 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d77085f7 Effects from time dependence of ice nucleus activity for contrasting cloud types 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d77085f7 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-22-0187.1 Waman, D. author Deshmukh, A. author Jadav, A. author Patade, S. author Gautam, M. author Phillips, V. author Bansemer, Aaron R. author Jakobsson, J. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher The role of time-dependent freezing of ice nucleating particles (INPs) is evaluated with the "Aerosol-Cloud" (AC) model in 1) deep convection observed over Oklahoma during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Cloud Experiment (MC3E), 2) orographic clouds observed over North California during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (ACAPEX), and 3) supercooled, stratiform clouds over the United Kingdom, observed during the Aerosol Properties, Processes And Influences on the Earth's climate (APPRAISE) campaign. AC uses the dynamical core of the WRF Model and has hybrid bin- bulk microphysics and a 3D mesoscale domain. AC is validated against coincident aircraft, ground-based, and satellite observations for all three cases. Filtered concentrations of ice (.0.1-0. 2 mm) agree with those observed at all sampled levels. AC predicts the INP activity of various types of aerosol particles with an empirical parameterization (EP), which follows a singular approach (no time dependence). Here, the EP is modified to represent time-dependent INP activity by a purely empirical approach, using our published laboratory observations of time-dependent INP activity. In all simulated clouds, the inclusion of time dependence increases the predicted INP activity of mineral dust particles by 0.5-1 order of magnitude. However, there is little impact on the cloud glaciation because the total ice is mostly (80%-90%) from secondary ice production (SIP) at levels warmer than about -36 DEG;C. The Hallett-Mossop process and fragmentation in ice-ice collisions together initiate about 70% of the total ice, whereas fragmentation during both raindrop freezing and sublimation contributes ,10%. Overall, total ice concentrations and SIP are unaffected by time-dependent INP activity. In the simulated APPRAISE case, the main causes of persistence of long-lived clouds and precipitation are predicted to be SIP in weak embedded convection and reactivation following recirculation of dust particles in supercooled layer cloud. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation