edu.ucar.opensky::articles:26467 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T19:26:37.790486 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7kd22x7 https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/WAGHC_V1.0 https Related Dataset #1 WOCE-Argo Global Hydrographic Climatology (WAGHC Version 1.0) https://doi.org/10.17864/1947.000347 https Related Dataset #2 Reconstructions of the radiation fluxes at the top of atmosphere and net surface energy flux: DEEP-C Version 5.0 https://doi.org/10.5067/0JRLVL8YV2Y4 https Related Dataset #3 MERRA-2 tavgM_2d_flx_Nx: 2d,Monthly mean,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Surface Flux Diagnostics V5.12.4 Annual cycle in upper-ocean heat content and the global energy budget 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7kd22x7 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0776.1 Pan, Y. author Cheng, L. author Von Schuckmann, K. author Trenberth, Kevin E. author Li, G. author Abraham, J. author Liu, Y. author Gouretski, V. author Yu, Y. author Liu, H. author Liu, C. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher As a major component of Earth's energy budget, ocean heat content (OHC) plays a vital role in buffering climate change. The annual cycle is the most prominent change in OHC but has always been removed to study variations and changes in Earth's energy budget. Here, we investigate the annual cycle of the upper-2000-m OHC at regional to global scales and assess the robustness of the signals using the spread of multiple observational products. The potential drivers are also investigated by comparing the annual OHC signal with the corresponding change in top-of-atmosphere ra-diation, surface heat flux, ocean heat divergence, and meridional heat transport. Results show that the robust signal of an-nual OHC change is significant down to a 1000-m depth globally and can reach down to 1500 m in some areas such as the tropical ocean. The global OHC (0-1500 m) changes from positive anomalies within September-February to negative anomalies within March-August, mainly because of the larger ocean area in the Southern Hemisphere and the seasonal migration of solar irradiance. Owing to the huge ocean heat capacity, the annual cycle of OHC dominates that of the global energy budget. The difference among the OHC annual cycles in the three major ocean basins is mainly attributed to ocean heat transport, especially in the tropics. In the upper 1500 m at mid-and high latitudes and in the upper 50 m of the tropics, the net sea surface heat flux dominates the OHC annual cycle, while in the tropics below 50 m, wind-driven Ekman heat transport associated with the geostrophic flow is the main driver. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2023 American Meteorological Society (AMS). None eng geoscientificInformation