edu.ucar.opensky::articles:25498 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T22:44:34.379969 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7jq14r7 https://doi.org/10.21947/1401991 https Related Dataset #1 Surface Meteorological Station - UND 17m, (3) Sonics 3m 10m 17m, (2) T/RH 3m 17m, Physics site-2 - Raw Data https://doi.org/10.21947/1402004 https Related Dataset #2 Surface Meteorological Station - UND 10m, (2) Sonics 3m 10m, (2) T/RH 3m 10m, Physics site-11 - Raw Data https://doi.org/10.5065/D6RX99HX https Related Service #1 Cheyenne: SGI ICE XA Cluster Diagnosis of second-order turbulent properties of the surface layer for three-dimensional flow based on the Mellor–Yamada model 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7jq14r7 https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-21-0101.1 Eghdami, M. author Barros, A. P. author Jiménez Munoz, Pedro A. author Juliano, Timothy W. author Kosović, Branko author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Accurate representation of heterogeneous surface layer processes is essential for numerical weather prediction (NWP) with sub-kilometer grid spacing. NWP models such as the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model generally use second-moment turbulent models for parameterizing the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The most common parameterizations follow Mellor-Yamada and account for the vertical turbulent mixing only; that is, standard PBL parameterizations are one-dimensional (1DPBL). The horizontal diffusion of momentum is parameterized based on Smagorinsky's model for numerical stability. Although the combination of 1DPBL and 2D Smagorinsky parameterizations is successful at coarse grid resolutions (e.g., grid-size dx similar to 12-2 km), it does not represent well the effect of horizontal turbulence as gridcell size decreases (<1 km). To reconcile the representation of vertical and horizontal turbulent mixing, a full three-dimensional PBL scheme (3DPBL) based on the Mellor-Yamada model was implemented in WRF. The 3DPBL uses the horizontal and vertical turbulent fluxes diagnosed from the flow gradients to handle the turbulent mixing. These gradients cannot be directly calculated near the surface. Therefore, the 3DPBL parameterization is coupled herein to a second-order diagnostic model of the three-dimensional turbulent fluxes in the surface layer. Several adjustments to the original Mellor-Yamada model, including a modified length scale, were introduced to capture flow anisotropy and dependence on stability conditions. The results are compared against data from the Wind Forecast Improvement Project 2 (WFIP2) for different weather regimes and using different grid resolutions to examine stability and scale dependency. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2022 American Meteorological Society None eng geoscientificInformation