edu.ucar.opensky::articles:17709 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-26T03:00:44.418873 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d73b61kt The MATERHORN: Unraveling the intricacies of mountain weather 2015-11-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d73b61kt https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00131.1 Fernando, H. author Pardyjak, E. author Di Sabatino, S. author Chow, F. author De Wekker, S. author Hoch, S. author Hacker, Joshua P. author Pace, J. author Pratt, T. author Pu, Z. author Steenburgh, W. author Whiteman, C. author Wang, Y. author Zajic, D. author Balsley, B. author Dimitrova, R. author Emmitt, G. author Higgins, C. author Hunt, J. author Knievel, Jason C. author Lawrence, D. author Liu, Yubao author Nadeau, D. author Kit, E. author Blomquist, B. author Conry, P. author Coppersmith, R. author Creegan, E. author Felton, M. author Grachev, A. author Gunawardena, N. author Hang, C. author Hocut, C. author Huynh, G. author Jeglum, M. author Jensen, D. author Kulandaivelu, V. author Lehner, M. author Leo, L. author Liberzon, D. author Massey, J. author McEnerney, K. author Pal, S. author Price, T. author Sghiatti, M. author Silver, Z. author Thompson, M. author Zhang, Hailing author Zsedrovits, T. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Emerging application areas such as air pollution in megacities, wind energy, urban security, and operation of unmanned aerial vehicles have intensified scientific and societal interest in mountain meteorology. To address scientific needs and help improve the prediction of mountain weather, the U.S. Department of Defense has funded a research effort -- the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) Program—that draws the expertise of a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional, and multinational group of researchers. The program has four principal thrusts, encompassing modeling, experimental, technology, and parameterization components, directed at diagnosing model deficiencies and critical knowledge gaps, conducting experimental studies, and developing tools for model improvements. The access to the Granite Mountain Atmospheric Sciences Testbed of the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground, as well as to a suite of conventional and novel high-end airborne and surface measurement platforms, has provided an unprecedented opportunity to investigate phenomena of time scales from a few seconds to a few days, covering spatial extents of tens of kilometers down to millimeters. This article provides an overview of the MATERHORN and a glimpse at its initial findings. Orographic forcing creates a multitude of time-dependent submesoscale phenomena that contribute to the variability of mountain weather at mesoscale. The nexus of predictions by mesoscale model ensembles and observations are described, identifying opportunities for further improvements in mountain weather forecasting. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2015 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be "fair use" under Section 107 or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law (17 USC, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the Society's permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form on servers, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statements, requires written permission or license from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policies, available from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or amspubs@ametsoc.org. Permission to place a copy of this work on this server has been provided by the AMS. The AMS does not guarantee that the copy provided here is an accurate copy of the published work. None eng geoscientificInformation