edu.ucar.opensky::articles:21962 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-25T15:49:11.383258 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7gx4ffh https://doi.org/10.5065/d6ms3r0p https Related Dataset #1 University of Wyoming King Air Compact Raman Lidar Data. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/d6x63k9k https Related Dataset #2 FP2 AERIoe Thermodynamic Profile Retrieval Data. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/D6MC8X3V https Related Dataset #3 Mobile PISA 2 UAH MIPS Radiosonde Data. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/d60z71hc https Related Dataset #4 MP3 University of Wisconsin SPARC AERIoe Thermodynamic Profile Data. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.15786/M2901N https Related Dataset #5 Flight Level Data from the University of Wyoming King Air during the Plains Elevated Convection At Night (PECAN) project, Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/D6VH5M7B https Related Dataset #6 Mobile PISA 3 UW/SSEC SPARC Radiosonde Data. Version 2.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/D6Z31WV0 https Related Dataset #7 FP3 AERIoe Thermodynamic Profile Retrieval Data. Version 2.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/D6GM85DZ https Related Dataset #8 FP3 Ellis, KS Radiosonde Data. Version 2.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/D6ZG6QF7 https Related Dataset #9 FP5 NCAR/EOL QC Soundings. Version 2.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/D6CV4FTM https Related Dataset #10 FP3 Millersville University Surface Meteorology and Radiation Data. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/D6N014XZ https Related Dataset #11 MP3 University of Wisconsin SPARC Surface Meteorological Data. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.15786/M2588T https Related Dataset #12 Zenith pointing Wyoming Cloud Lidar (WCL) data from the University of Wyoming King Air during the Plains Elevated Convection At Night (PECAN) project, Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/D6W66HXN https Related Dataset #13 CSU/NCSU/NSSL MGAUS Radiosonde Data. Version 3.0 The relation between nocturnal MCS evolution and its outflow boundaries in the Stable Boundary Layer: An observational study of the 15 July 2015 MCS in PECAN 2018-10-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7gx4ffh https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-18-0169.1 Grasmick, C. author Geerts, B. author Turner, D. D. author Wang, Z. author Weckwerth, Tammy author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher The vertical structures of a leading outflow boundary ahead of a continental nocturnal MCS and of the upstream environment are examined in order to answer the question of whether this vertical structure affects new cell formation and thus MCS maintenance. The MCS in question, observed on 15 July 2015 as part of the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) experiment, formed near sunset as a surface-based, density current-driven system. As the night progressed and a stable boundary layer developed, convection became elevated, multiple fine lines became apparent (indicative of an undular bore), and convection increasingly lagged the outflow boundary. Bore-like boundaries became most apparent where the outflow boundary was oriented more perpendicular to the low-level jet, and the lower troposphere was more susceptible to wave trapping. This case study uses a rich array of radiosonde data, as well as airborne Raman lidar and ground-based interferometer data, to profile the temperature and humidity in the lower troposphere. In all soundings, the lifting of air in the residual mixed layer over a depth corresponding to the Raman lidar observed vertical displacement reduced CIN to near zero and enabled deep convection, even though most unstable CAPE steadily decreased during the evolution of this MCS. Both types of outflow boundaries (density currents and bores) initiated convection that helped maintain the MCS. In the case of density currents, cold pool depth and wind shear determined new cell formation and thus MCS maintenance. For bore-like boundaries, bore transformation and propagation were additional factors that determined whether convection initiated and whether it contributed to the MCS or remained separated. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2018 American Meteorological Society. None eng geoscientificInformation