edu.ucar.opensky::articles:25651 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T20:08:00.837532 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7p55s82 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6543157 https Related Software #1 sarkadinUP/WRF_Piggybacking: Codes, files, 2022_May Microphysical piggybacking in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7p55s82 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002890 Sarkadi, N. author Xue, Lulin author Grabowski, Wojciech author Lebo, Z. J. author Morrison, Hugh author White, B. author Fan, J. author Dudhia, Jimy author Geresdi, I. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher This paper presents incorporation of the microphysical piggybacking into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Microphysical piggybacking is to run a single simulation applying two microphysical schemes, the first scheme driving the simulation and the second piggybacking this simulated flow. "Driving the simulation" means that the simulated microphysical processes, affect the cloud buoyancy and thus force the simulated flow. In contrast, the piggybacking variables are advected by the simulated flow and undergo microphysical transformation, but they do not affect the simulated flow (like in prescribed flow-kinematic-simulations). The two sets of variables (driver and piggybacker) include temperature, water vapor mixing ratio, and all microphysical variables. We provide details of implementing piggybacking into the WRF model, illustrate its applications, and demonstrate the benefits of this methodology in two idealized three-dimensional cases: (a) a squall line case applying two microphysics schemes, the Thompson bulk microphysics scheme and the University of Pecs/NCAR bin (UPNB) scheme. The piggybacking simulations revealed that the microphysics-dynamics interaction plays a more important role than the pure microphysical size sorting effect in the transition zone formation. (b) A case of daytime shallow-to-deep convective development over land. This case uses the UPNB scheme and contrasts convection developing in environments with either pristine or polluted cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The piggybacking results indicated that the increase of cloud cover and decrease of supersaturation are mainly associated with the microphysical effect of increasing CCN while the change of precipitation on the ground is also influenced by microphysics-dynamics interactions. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation