edu.ucar.opensky::articles:23028 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-25T15:20:16.096191 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7cf9t7h https://doi.org/10.17595/20180208.001 https Related Dataset #1 Atmospheric CO2 mole fraction data of CONTRAIL-CME https://doi.org/10.5065/D6HH6H41 https Related Dataset #2 JRA-55: Japanese 55-year Reanalysis, Daily 3-Hourly and 6-Hourly Data https://doi.org/10.25925/20190610 https Related Dataset #3 Multi-laboratory compilation of atmospheric carbon dioxide data for the years 2018-2019; obspack_co2_1_NRT_v4.4.2_2019-06-10 https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2019 https Related Dataset #4 Supplemental data of Global Carbon Project 2019 https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/HIPPO_010 https Related Dataset #5 HIPPO Merged 10-Second Meteorology, Atmospheric Chemistry, and Aerosol Data. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/input4MIPs.1127 https Related Dataset #6 Harmonization of global land use scenarios (LUH2): Historical v2.1h 850 - 2015 Global Carbon Budget 2019 2019-12-04T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7cf9t7h https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019 Friedlingstein, P. author Jones, M. W. author O'Sullivan, M. author Andrew, R. M. author Hauck, J. author Peters, G. P. author Peters, W. author Pongratz, J. author Sitch, S. author Le Quéré, C. author Bakker, D. C. E. author Canadell, J. G. author Ciais, P. author Jackson, R. B. author Anthoni, P. author Barbero, L. author Bastos, A. author Bastrikov, V. author Becker, M. author Bopp, L. author Buitenhuis, E. author Chandra, N. author Chevallier, F. author Chini, L. P. author Currie, K. I. author Feely, R. A. author Gehlen, M. author Gilfillan, D. author Gkritzalis, T. author Goll, D. S. author Gruber, N. author Gutekunst, S. author Harris, I. author Haverd, V. author Houghton, R. A. author Hurtt, G. author Ilyina, T. author Jain, A. K. author Joetzjer, E. author Kaplan, J. O. author Kato, E. author Klein Goldewijk, K. author Korsbakken, J. I. author Landschützer, P. author Lauvset, S. K. author Lefèvre, N. author Lenton, A. author Lienert, S. author Lombardozzi, Danica author Marland, G. author McGuire, P. C. author Melton, J. R. author Metzl, N. author Munro, D. R. author Nabel, J. E. M. S. author Nakaoka, S. author Neill, C. author Omar, A. M. author Ono, T. author Peregon, A. author Pierrot, D. author Poulter, B. author Rehder, G. author Resplandy, L. author Robertson, E. author Rödenbeck, C. author Séférian, R. author Schwinger, J. author Smith, N. author Tans, P. P. author Tian, H. author Tilbrook, B. author Tubiello, F. N. author van der Werf, G. R. author Wiltshire, A. J. author Zaehle, S. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere - the "global carbon budget" - is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (E-FF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land use change (E-LUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its growth rate (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (B-IM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma. For the last decade available (2009-2018), E-FF was 9.5 +/- 0.5 GtC yr 1, E-LUC 1.5 +/- 0.7 GtC yr 1, G(ATM) 4.9 +/- 0.02 GtC yr(-1) (2.3 +/- 0.01 ppm yr(-1)), S-OCEAN 2.5 +/- 0.6 GtC yr(-1), and S-LAND 3.2 +/- 0.6 GtC yr(-1), with a budget imbalance B-IM of 0.4 GtC yr(-1) indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For the year 2018 alone, the growth in E-FF was about 2.1% and fossil emissions increased to 10.0 +/- 0.5 GtC yr 1, reaching 10 GtC yr(-1) for the first time in history, E-LUC was 1.5 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1), for total anthropogenic CO2 emissions of 11.5 +/- 0.9 GtC yr(-1) (42.5 +/- 3.3 GtCO(2)). Also for 2018, G(ATM) was 5.1 +/- 0.2 GtC yr(-1) (2.4 +/- 0.1 ppm yr(-1)), S-OCEAN was 2.6 +/- 0.6 GtC yr(-1), and S-LAND was 3.5 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1), with a B-IM of 0.3 GtC. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 407.38 +/- 0.1 ppm averaged over 2018. For 2019, preliminary data for the first 6-10 months indicate a reduced growth in E-FF of +0.6% (range of -0.2% to 1.5 %) based on national emissions projections for China, the USA, the EU, and India and projections of gross domestic product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. Overall, the mean and trend in the five components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period 1959-2018, but discrepancies of up to 1 GtC yr(-1) persist for the representation of semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2019 Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. None eng geoscientificInformation