edu.ucar.opensky::articles:25917 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T19:59:01.915335 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7fr01gf https://doi.org/10.26023/8HMG-WQP3-XA0X https Related Dataset #1 NSF/NCAR GV HIAPER 2D-S Particle Size Distribution (PSD) Product Data. Version 1.1 https://doi.org/10.26023/S6WS-G5QE-H113 https Related Dataset #2 SOCRATES Cloud Phase Product. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/D62B8WWF https Related Dataset #3 PHIPS-HALO Stereo Imaging Data. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/D64J0CZS https Related Dataset #4 SOCRATES: NCAR HCR radar and HSRL lidar moments data. Version 3.1 https://doi.org/10.5065/D6M32TM9 https Related Dataset #5 SOCRATES: Low Rate (LRT - 1 sps) Navigation, State Parameter, and Microphysics Flight-Level Data. Version 1.3 Characterization of Southern Ocean boundary layer clouds using airborne radar, lidar, and in situ cloud data: Results from SOCRATES 2022-11-16T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7fr01gf https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037277 Schima, J. author McFarquhar, G. author Romatschke, Ulrike author Vivekanandan, Jothiram author D'Alessandro, J. author Haggerty, Julie A. author Wolff, Cory author Schaefer, E. author Järvinen, E. author Schnaiter, M. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Climate and numerical weather prediction models struggle to accurately predict radiative forcing over the Southern Ocean (SO), as the amount of clouds and their phases are poorly represented in such models due to a lack of observations upon which to base parameterizations. To address this, a novel particle identification (PID) scheme, based upon airborne radar and lidar data, was applied to data collected during the Southern Ocean Clouds, Aerosol, Radiation Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES) to assess the vertical structure of SO boundary layer clouds. A comparison between the PID scheme and in situ phase data from SOCRATES showed relatively good agreement between the two data types. The convectivity of the clouds sampled during SOCRATES was determined using the novel Echo Classification from COnvectivity for Vertically pointing radars product. The PID and in situ data were then used synergistically to identify the following features of cloud vertical structure: (a) Supercooled liquid water was very common (Probability, P similar to 80%) at cloud top for convective and stratiform clouds; (b) Supercooled large drops with maximum dimensions >95 mu m frequently appear within a hundred meters below cloud top, particularly within convective clouds (Max P 35%-45%), but also within stratiform clouds (Max P 20%-30%); (c) Ice production was associated with convective activity, with P similar to 20% at cloud top, increasing to 50%-70% 200 m below top, compared to P < 30% everywhere in stratiform clouds; (d) Convective clouds were found to be more vertically heterogeneous than stratiform clouds. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2022 American Geophysical Union. None eng geoscientificInformation