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The vorticity dynamics associated with the mean and time-varying gyre and overturning circulations of the Atlantic Ocean are examined in a realistic ocean model hindcast...

Density holes (DHs), characterized by the correlating depletion of plasma density and magnetic field strength, are one of the transient structures frequently observed upstream...

The Global Carbon Project estimates that the terrestrial biosphere has absorbed about one-third of anthropogenic CO2 emissions during the 1959-2019 period. This sink-estimate is...

The objective of near-term climate prediction is to improve our fore-knowledge, from years to a decade or more in advance, of impactful climate changes that can in general be...

In this study, a digital filter is introduced into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) four-...

Earth system models currently struggle to account for the complex effects that land surface heterogeneity can have on land-atmosphere interactions. There have been attempts to...

This study has developed a new TEC-based ionospheric data assimilation system for 3-D regional ionospheric imaging over the South American sector (TIDAS-SA) (45 degrees S-15...

The Atlantic Nino, an equatorial zonal mode akin to the Pacific El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), is phase-locked to boreal summer when the equatorial easterly winds...

Fundamental characteristics of the aquaplanet climate simulated by the Community Atmosphere Model, Version 5.3 (CAM5.3) are presented. The assumptions and simplifications of the...

Multi-annual to decadal changes in climate are accompanied by changes in extreme events that cause major impacts on society and severe challenges for adaptation. Early warnings...

Vortices in the atmospheric surface layer are characterized using observations at unprecedented resolution from a fixed array of 31 turbulence sensors. During the day, these...

While meteorology and aerosols are identified as key drivers of snow cover (SC) variability in High Mountain Asia, complex non-linear interactions between them are not...

A new stratiform cloud scheme including a two-moment bulk microphysics module, a cloud cover parameterization allowing ice supersaturation, and an ice nucleation...

A merger-formation bow echo (MFBE) in southeast China during the pre-summer rainy season (PSRS) was simulated using three microphysics schemes including Thompson (THOM),...

Recent work has shown a statistical climatological link between African dust outbreaks and North Atlantic tropical cyclone frequency and intensity. However, a definite causal...

This paper reports on the development of a diagnostic approach that can be used to examine the sources of numerical model forecast error that contribute to degraded tropical...

Dynamical downscaling is a computationally expensive method whereby finescale details of the atmosphere may be portrayed by running a limited area numerical weather prediction...

A number of nonlinear models have recently been proposed for simulating soil carbon decomposition. Their predictions of soil carbon responses to fresh litter input and warming...