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In the solar corona, magnetic helicity slowly and continuously accumulates in response to plasma flows tangential to the photosphere and magnetic flux emergence through it....

Paleoclimate reconstructions are now integral to climate assessments, yet the consequences of using different methodologies and proxy data require rigorous benchmarking....

Clouds over the Southern Ocean exist in a pristine environment that results in unique microphysical properties. However, in situ observations of these clouds are rare, and the...

This study uses a global chemical transport model to estimate the distribution of isocyanic acid (HNCO). HNCO is toxic, and concentrations exceeding 1 ppbv have been suggested...

The impacts of assimilating meteorological observations on source emissions estimate and chemical simulations are investigated. Using 6-hr Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses...

Automated and accurate radar dealiasing algorithms are very important for their assimilation into operational numerical weather forecasting models. A radar radial velocity...

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Streamflow regimes are changing and expected to further change under the influence of climate change, with potential impacts on flow variability and the seasonality of extremes....

Many chemical processes depend non-linearly on temperature. Gravity-wave-induced temperature perturbations have been shown to affect atmospheric chemistry, but accounting for...

Four state-of-the-science numerical weather prediction (NWP) models were used to perform mountain wave (MW)-resolving hindcasts over the Drake Passage of a 10-day period in 2010...

Line-of-sight magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) are analyzed using a diagnostic known as the magnetic range of...

The correct representation of Antarctic clouds in atmospheric models is crucial for accurate projections of the future Antarctic climate. This is particularly true for summer...

Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are expected to lead to more frequent and intense summer temperature extremes, not only due to the mean warming itself, but also due to...

We investigated the springtime variability of ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) over East Asia using data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding...

The expansion of Antarctic sea ice since 1979 in the presence of increasing greenhouse gases remains one of the most puzzling features of current climate change. Some studies...

Simulations of the urban environment contribute to assessments of current and future urban vulnerabilities to extreme heat events. The accuracy of simulations of the urban...

Extreme rainfall events have important societal impacts: for example, by causing flooding, replenishing reservoirs, and affecting agricultural yields. Previous literature has...

The Southern Oscillation (SO) is usually described as the atmospheric component of the dynamically coupled El Niño - Southern Oscillation phenomenon. The contention in this...

Dissolved gas distributions are important because they influence oceanic habitats and Earth's climate, yet competing controls by biology and physics make gas distributions...