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Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) are a region of depleted ionospheric densities. EPBs are known to fluctuate both seasonally and day to day, and have been linked to changes in...

Climate observations are needed to address a large range of important societal issues including sea level rise, droughts, floods, extreme heat events, food security, and...

The graphic and tabular data on magnetic spheroid distributions presented in this Technical Note may be useful to scientists for various purposes. No attempt is made to relate...

Tropical weather phenomena-including tropical cyclones (TCs) and equatorial waves-are influenced by planetary-to-convective-scale processes; yet, existing data sets and tools...

High-resolution atmospheric models are powerful tools for hurricane track and intensity predictions. Although using high resolution contributes to better representation of...

This paper describes, along with some validation results, the one-dimensional variational method (1D-Var) that is in use at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research...

The Earth's climate is changing due to the existence of multiple radiative forcing agents. It is under question whether different forcing agents perturb the global climate in a...

By reflecting some incoming solar radiation, stratospheric aerosol intervention using SO2 would reduce global mean temperature. Previous research has shown that multiple...

Understanding tree transpiration variability is vital for assessing ecosystem water-use efficiency and forest health amid climate change, yet most landscape-level measurements...

Understanding the roles of land surface conditions and atmospheric circulation on continental daily tempera-ture variance is key to improving predictions of temperature...

The Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding (TPS) with its vast land mass and high elevation affects regional climate and weather. The TPS is also the headwater of 9 major Asian...

To investigate day-to-day variability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), an idealized simulation of a six-day westward propagating zonal wave number-1 planetary...

The Arctic is marked by deep intrusions of warm, moist air, alternating with outbreaks of cold air down to lower latitudes. The typical vertical structure of clouds and...

Unforeseen runoff events cause nutrient losses that affect crop production, revenue, and contribute to deteriorated water quality, leading to harmful algal blooms and hypoxia in...

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key feature of the North Atlantic with global ocean impacts. The AMOC's response to past changes in forcings during...

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) plays an important role in climate, transporting heat and salt to the subpolar North Atlantic. The AMOC’s...

Identifying the contributions of chemistry and transport to observed ozone pollution using regional-to-global models relies on accurate representation of ozone dry deposition....

In this study, the in situ electron density measurements from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation from the Solar Extreme...

Context. Strong ultraviolet (UV) emission from the sun will be observed by the Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) on board the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S),...